第34章 文の転換
-
- 名詞節を含むもの
名詞節の部分を端的に1つの名詞でまとめたり、名詞的用法の不定詞や動名詞を利用して言いかえることができます。
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{Tell me where you live. } \\
\text{Tell me your address.} \\
\text{（あなたのご住所を教えてください）}\\
\end{cases}
$$ $$
\begin{cases}
\text{In a court of law we must tell only what is absolutely true.} \\
\text{In a court of law we must tell only the absolute truth. } \\
\text{（法廷では、絶対に真実であることのみを述べなければならない}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{He swore that he would not underestimate his income for fax purposes. } \\
\text{He swore not to underestimate his income for tax purposes.} \\
\text{（彼は税金対策として所得の過少申告はしないと断言した）}\\
\end{cases}
$$ $$
\begin{cases}
\text{We expected that the relief squad would arrive earlier.} \\
\text{We expected the relief squad to arrive earlier. } \\
\text{（我々は救助隊がもっと早く到着するものと当てにしていた）}\\
\end{cases}
$$$$
\begin{cases}
\text{It is necessary that you should have some practical knowledge of a foreign language.} \\
\text{It is necessary for you to have some practical knowledge of a foreign language. } \\
\text{（あなたは外国語の実際的知識を持つことが必要です）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{I suggested that we should leave at once.} \\
\text{I suggested leaving at once. } \\
\text{（すぐ出発することを私は提案した）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{He insisted that I (should) proceed to the scene.} \\
\text{He insisted on my proceeding to the scene. } \\
\text{（彼は私に現地に出向せよと強要した）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
- 名詞節を含むもの
- 形容詞節を含むもの
形容詞の多くは関係詞に導かれますが、もっと簡素な方法として形容詞(句) ―― 名詞からの転化も含む ―― や名詞・代名詞の所有格、あるいは分詞・不定詞などを利用することができます。
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{Most factories have regulations that are set up for the safety of the workers.} \\
\text{Most factories have safety regulations for the workers. } \\
\text{（大ていの工場には従業員のための安全規則がある）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{The purpose for which I am writing to you is to ask your advice.} \\
\text{My purpose in writing to you is to ask your advice. } \\
\text{（手紙を書いているのは君の知恵を借りたいからだ）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{He didn’t follow the advice that the doctor had given him.} \\
\text{He didn’t follow the doctor’s advice. } \\
\text{（彼は医者の指示に従わなかった）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{A vehicle that is moving must have its lights on at night.} \\
\text{A moving vehicle must have its lights on at night. } \\
\text{（走行車は夜間は点燈しなければならない）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{Customs are laws that are not written.} \\
\text{Customs are unwritten laws. } \\
\text{（習慣は不文律なり）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{There are many difficulties that will have to be overcome.} \\
\text{There are many difficulties to (be) overcome. } \\
\text{（前途には克服すべき多くの難関がある）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{I have no words in which I can express my gratitude .} \\
\text{I have no words to express my gratitude. } \\
\text{（私は感謝のことばもありません）}\\
\end{cases}
$$ - 副詞節を含むもの
副詞節には時・原因・理由・目的・結果・譲歩・仮定・条件その他様々な意味を表しますが、これも分詞構文、不定詞、あるいは副詞句などを利用して言い換えることができます。
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{As he found the work interesting,he finished it quickly.} \\
\text{Finding the work interesting, he finished it quickly } \\
\text{（その仕事に興味を感じたので、彼はすばやく仕上げた）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{A vacuum cleaner should last for years if it is properly looked after Properly looked after,a vacuum cleaner should last for years.} \\
\text{（手入れをよくすれば掃除機は何年ももつはずです）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{I was very shocked when I heard of the railway accident.} \\
\text{I was very shocked to hear of the railway accident.} \\
\text{（その鉄道事故を聞いて私は大きな衝撃をうけた）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{He works hard so that he may (can) support his family.} \\
\text{He works hard (in order) to support his family.} \\
\text{（彼は家族を養うために一生懸命働いている）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{The road was so narrow that cars were unable to pass.} \\
\text{The road was too narrow for cars to pass.} \\
\text{（動画がせまくて車は通れなかった）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{While the manager is absent, I am in charge of the business.} \\
\text{In the absence of the manager, I am in charge of the business.} \\
\text{（マネージャーが不在中は私が仕事の責任をもちます）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{As soon as he received the message, he left the room.} \\
\text{On receiving the massage (On receipt of the message) , he left the room.} \\
\text{（伝言を受けるとすぐに、彼は部屋から出て行った）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{The aircraft crashed because it had a structural defect.} \\
\text{The aircraft crashed because of a structural defect.} \\
\text{（その飛行機は構造上の欠陥があって墜落した）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{He was fined because he parked (his car) in an unauthorized zone.} \\
\text{He was fined for parking (his car) in an unauthorized zone.} \\
\text{（彼は駐車違反で罰金を科せられた）}\\
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\begin{cases}
\text{If it had not been for C hinese influence, Japanese culture would not be what it is today.} \\
\text{Without Chinese influence, Japanese culture would not be what it is today.} \\
\text{（中国の影響がなければ、日本の文化は今日とは違っていたであろう）}\\
\end{cases}
$$