第16章 助動詞の種類と特徴
- be、have、doを除き、助動詞は3人称・単数・現在・直説法においても、語尾に-(e)sはつけません。
I { will }not study ~. I am }{ studying ~. You shall You are loved ~. He may He is Can I }{ have studied ~. Must You do not study ~. need { has studied ~. ought not to study ~. He does not study ~. - oughtとusedを除き、助動詞は原形動詞(toのない不定詞)と結合して用いられます。
You must transfer to the Chuo Line at Shinjuku Station.
(新宿駅で中央線に乗りかえなければなりません)
I’d (=I would) like to invite you to attend the ceremony.
(その式に出席されるよう、あなたをご招待したいと思います)
He ought to〔should〕have arrived by this time.
(彼は今ごろはもう着いているはずだ)
We always used to work overtime at the end of the month.
(月末にはいつも残業したものだった) - 助動詞は否定文・疑問文においてdo(does、did)は伴いません。
“Must I come here again tomorrow?” “No, you need not (do so).”
(「明日またここに来なければなりませんか」「いいえ、それにはおよびません」)
I { will }not study ~. I am }{ studying ~. You shall You are loved ~. He may He is Can I }{ have studied ~. Must You do not study ~. need { has studied ~. ought not to study ~. He does not study ~.